Friday, August 27, 2021

Interview: Tucker Goodrich Challenges Failed Experts with David Gornoski on A Neighbor's Choice

"Tucker Goodrich Challenges Failed Experts"
My part starts at 00:24:00.

"Also in the show, Tucker Goodrich joins David to comment on the censorship of information, the Diet Doctor podcast on vegetable oils, intralipid , the horrible dietary guidelines of hospitals, whether salt is harmful to our bodies, burning excess PUFAs, and more."

Radio, so no video for this one. Here's a link to the podcast, and here's an embedded player:

Thursday, August 26, 2021

AHS21 Presentation: "Why Did We All Get Sick? The Nutritional Transition & How Seed Oils Drove It"

"Why Did We All Get Sick? The Nutritional Transition & How Seed Oils Drove It", my presentation at the 10th Ancestral Health Symposium

I discuss the nutritional transitions that led to man being man, and the chronic diseases that were introduced along the way, along with mechanisms for causation, both known and proposed.

References for Ancestral Health Symposium 2021 talk, "Why Did We All Get Sick?"

This is slide-by-slide, some slides don't have any refs or no new refs, so they are skipped.

Health fallout from a visit to LA and a stay in a hotel: "How Much Seed Oil Is Too Much? Short-term Consequences of Going Off The Wagon"

Notes from the last one I attended, in 2012. (Pictures are mostly missing, as they were links.)

"Thoughts on the Ancestral Health Symposium 2012"

Thanks to Tess Falor, Naomi Norwood, and of course Aaron Blaisdell and all the rest of the folks that put this fine event together. And to Chris Knobbe for getting me on the program!

Wednesday, August 25, 2021

How Much Seed Oil Is Too Much? Short-term Consequences of Going Off The Wagon

A cold day in Hell's Canyon

Have I mentioned I got married?

So this post is going to be a joint effort with my wife, Jen.

We went to high school together in Connecticut, and reconnected after many years and found ourselves to be a very good fit.

Unbeknownst to me, she had been suffering from a chronic auto-immune disease, fibromyalgia, for decades, since shortly after we graduated high school.

"Fibromyalgia affects about 4 million US adults, about 2% of the adult population."

When we reconnected in 2019, she was a Greger-style near-vegan, running her own organic farm in upstate New York, and producing most of her own food. She was also quite ill, overweight, and on a number of medications.

So at our first dinner together, after negotiating with the waitress about what food I could eat and winding up with a plate of sausages and a hard cider, I mentioned why I eat the way I do, and told her what to eat:

"Avoid seed oils, refined carbohydrates, refined sugars, and make sure to eat animal protein and animal fats."

Just a sentence. While we were friends, I didn't want to get into a diet debate with a vegan.

A few weeks later she let me know that she had fixed her diet, and was down 17 lbs already (for a total of 56 lbs over the next few months, back to beauty-queen weight).

What she didn't mention until much later was the fibromyalgia. What a near-vegan diet, a physician's care, and drugs hadn't accomplished was fixed with a paleo diet in a few months: the pain went away, for the first time in decades.

She had also suffered from cracks in her heels. I first learned about this from the Barefoot Sisters (podcast at the link), who were also vegetarians. I've long had a suspicion that heel cracks were a function of a low animal-fat diet, and along with the fibromyalgia, the heel cracks resolved.

So two years into this process, we went to LA for a few days for the Ancestral Health Symposium 2021, where I spoke. Since we were staying in a (very nice!) hotel where the conference was held, it was unavoidable that we were going to have to eat out in restaurants, something we do very rarely at home.

We are always careful when we eat out, since I am ridiculously gluten-intolerant. I have no choice. But seed oils are much harder to manage when eating in restaurant. We went to an In-N-Out Burger joint, for instance, and ordered burgers without buns or sauce, telling them I had a wheat allergy. But it's not possible to determine in what they are cooking the burgers. What do they use to lubricate the grill? Obviously we skipped the fries!

Same problem with the restaurant at the hotel: what are the vegetables cooked in? Given that they wouldn't put butter on the table even when they served gluten-free toast (what was in the toast?), I doubt they were using butter for the bread or the sautéed vegetables.

My general assumption is that since I don't have an acute reaction to seed oils, a little bit when I rarely eat out isn't going to harm me.

So when we get home, Jen reveals that her fibromyalgia is back. So are the cracks in her heels. She also had a rather severe intestinal distress which she'd rather not detail here!

All three are improving, but that's a pretty severe reaction to a few days of not rigorously controlling her diet! The intestinal distress required a fast and a period of carnivory to resolve.

When fibromyalgia was full-on she describes it as having a "whole-body sprain", but now it's just in a few locations, like her hips. Now the connection between fibromyalgia and seed oils is pretty clear (Albrecht et al., 2019; Cordero et al., 2011; Meeus et al., 2013), and I've helped others put it into remission via a low n-6 diet, but I've never heard of it coming back from just a few days of not-so-careless eating!

Luckily she's improving already.

So this raises a number of questions:

What is the amount of n-6 fats that causes these illnesses?
What is the amount stored in adipose tissue, and how does this interact with dietary intake?
How long does it take to clear these fats out of the body, until one can tolerate a small intake?

Jen's only been eating this way for 2 years, after years of being on a high n-6 diet. It took me 5 years to really start feeling totally well, and the last odd health improvement happened after 7 years.

Five years is about how long it should take adipose tissue to lose stored n-6, based on the half-life of fats in adipose tissue. Some tissues with a high turnover, like the skin or gut, appear to happen quickly, some, like cartilage, likely take years, if ever.

In celiac it is recognized that a lack of exposure builds tolerance, and that symptoms also may take a while to return. This was my experience, and my tolerance to small, accidental exposures has grown. Not sure if this will directly apply to Jen's auto-immune condition, however.

In talking to Aaron Blaisdell, the founder and director of AHS, he described how he put his 'genetic' porphyria into remission, he said he suspects it was the seed oils that caused it (an update from his previous position.) For a guy who used to blister under the sun and had to wear denim and canvas when outside, he's looking quite tan!

But a lot of the answers to the above conditions are going to have to be addressed individually, since, as in Aaron's case, there are genetic factors driving individual responses to environmental triggers, and they're not always well understood.

Albrecht, D. S., Forsberg, A., Sandström, A., Bergan, C., Kadetoff, D., Protsenko, E., Lampa, J., Lee, Y. C., Höglund, C. O., Catana, C., Cervenka, S., Akeju, O., Lekander, M., Cohen, G., Halldin, C., Taylor, N., Kim, M., Hooker, J. M., Edwards, R. R., … Loggia, M. L. (2019). Brain glial activation in fibromyalgia – A multi-site positron emission tomography investigation. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 75, 72–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2018.09.018

Cordero, M. D., Alcocer-Gómez, E., Cano-García, F. J., De Miguel, M., Carrión, A. M., Navas, P., & Sánchez Alcázar, J. A. (2011). Clinical Symptoms in Fibromyalgia Are Better Associated to Lipid Peroxidation Levels in Blood Mononuclear Cells Rather than in Plasma. PLoS ONE, 6(10), e26915. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026915

Meeus, M., Nijs, J., Hermans, L., Goubert, D., & Calders, P. (2013). The role of mitochondrial dysfunctions due to oxidative and nitrosative stress in the chronic pain or chronic fatigue syndromes and fibromyalgia patients: Peripheral and central mechanisms as therapeutic targets? Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets, 17(9), 1081–1089. https://doi.org/10.1517/14728222.2013.818657

Tuesday, August 17, 2021

Interview/Debate: PUFAs Killing You? Debate Between Alan Flanagan & Tucker Goodrich on Mark Bell's Power Project

Here it is.

"We brought together Alan Flanagan and Tucker Goodrich to debate a few topics, mainly the dangers of Poly Unsaturated Fats.

"Alan Flanagan has an MSc in Nutritional Medicine, is currently pursuing his PhD. He is also a former practicing Lawyer (Barrister) from Dublin, Ireland. Alinea Nutrition is his online education hub, dedicated to empowering others with clear, impartial evidence-based knowledge and understanding about the science of nutrition.

"Tucker Goodrich is a technology executive in the financial industry who designs, runs, and debugs complex systems in high-risk environments. Areas of expertise include risk management, systems management, and cyber-security. He is also an Expert Advisor for the nutrition start-up Nutrita, and has been a guest on numerous podcasts.

"Links and info Tucker Referenced in the discussion: http://yelling-stop.blogspot.com/2021/08/show-notes-for-flanagan-and-goodrich-on.html"

Here's a link to the podcast, and here's an embedded player:

Show notes for Flanagan and Goodrich on Mark Bell's Power Project Podcast

The post that started this: Thoughts on 'Of Rats and Sidney Diet Heart...', Alan Flanagan's Post Defending Seed Oils

Wednesday, August 11, 2021

Show notes for Flanagan and Goodrich on Mark Bell's Power Project Podcast

Here it is.

These are notes for things I referenced in the discussion. I didn't try to represent Alan Flanagan's research.

Mark Bell Power Project Podcast on Twitter and the shows.

Zoom: Using blurred background

Alan’s article (Flanagan, 2020), Tucker’s rebuttal (Goodrich, 2021a)

“Stan Efferding paired us up…”

“Teachings of Ray Peat…” (Goodrich, 2021b; Peat, 2007)

“Nutritional transition” (Drewnowski & Popkin, 1997)

Rimonabant (Bronander & Bloch, 2007)

2-AG, Obesity (Alvheim et al., 2012; Blüher et al., 2006; Ravinet Trillou et al., 2003)

THC (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2017; Williams & Kirkham, 2002)

Tsimane heart disease (Kaplan et al., 2017)

Tsimane obesity (Bethancourt et al., 2019)

DGLA & obesity (Hua et al., 2021; Jauregibeitia et al., 2020; Lei et al., 2017; Tsurutani et al., 2018)

Arachidonic acid variation by diet in ‘other tissues’ (Lefkowith et al., 1985)

Brain circuit for obesity (DiPatrizio et al., 2011; Han et al., 2018)

Gastric bypass (Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass) cuts obesity circuit of endocannabinoid hyperphagia, which regrows (Borg et al., 2006; Guijarro et al., 2008; Meguid et al., 2008; Rubino et al., 2004; Wickremesekera et al., 2005)

Other cause of lung cancer (T. Lee & Gany, 2013)

Asian/African heart attack study (K. T. Lee et al., 1964)

Papers from the 90’s coming out of Japan (Okuyama et al., 1996)

Mediterranean diet: Lyon Diet Heart (de Lorgeril et al., 1994; de Lorgeril et al., 1999)

Pathway to atherosclerosis (Goldstein et al., 1979; Witztum & Steinberg, 1991)

Omega 6 going way up (Blasbalg et al., 2011)

“How many ears of corn you’d have to eat to get a gallon of Wesson corn oil…” (Nobbs, 2020)

“Low fat diets producing worse outcomes…” (Navab Mohamad et al., 2004)

Virta avoid seed oils (S. D. Phinney, 2020)

Phinney acute toxicity mayo (Bourke, 2013; S. D. Phinney et al., 1983; S. Phinney & Volek, 2012)

I need to quote entire section of (S. Phinney & Volek, 2012), as it’s remarkable!

“Back in the day when Steve did his study with the bike racers on the ketogenic diet [(S. D. Phinney et al., 1983)], they had to measure precisely how much of each nutrient his subjects were eating. That limited him to just five menu items from which his subjects could choose each day. Three of these were composed principally of animal fats and two used soybean oil mayonnaise as their fat source. Within a week or two of starting the high fat diet, most of the subjects developed a strong distaste for the mayonnaise-based meals. Opening a new container and then switching brands of mayonnaise didn’t help. Nobody actually got sick eating these tuna salad or chicken salad entrees – they just said that they didn’t feel completely well after eating them.

“Out of curiosity, Steve put himself on a ketogenic diet for a month and fed himself most of his fat intake overnight via a tiny feeding tube in his stomach (so taste wasn’t an issue). Within 3 days of feeding himself 1500 Calories of either soybean or corn oil nightly, he developed quite prominent nausea and gastro-intestinal upset. However when he fed himself the same amount of calories as olive oil for two straight weeks, he had no such symptoms. In between testing these different oils via the feeding tube, Steve maintained nutritional ketosis and met his full calorie needs by eating mostly animal fats, again without symptoms.

“The take-away message from this is that the human system doesn’t seem to tolerate a high fat diet prepared from high omega-6 oils (like soy and corn oils), but does just fine on one consisting mostly of monounsaturated and saturated fats (e.g., olive oil and animal fats). This doesn’t mean you can’t eat mayo, just find one made from olive or canola oil or make your own. And please, don’t be fooled by the agindustry advertising that touts high PUFA oils as being heart healthy. While this message might have some validity for someone eating a very low fat diet, at the high fat end of the dietary fat spectrum, it is completely invalid (if not dangerous).”

Japanese, Chinese, ALDH2*2 mutation (Chen et al., 2008; Jiang et al., 2017; Ohta et al., 2004; Takagi et al., 2002)

Seed oils and NAFLD (Van Name et al., 2020)

Note: apparently I didn’t make it clear: what got approved by the FDA was Omegaven, which was the alternative, non-toxic treatment to Intralipid. The references cited below make that clear, I did not.

Introducion of Intralipid (NAFLD model) in 1961 (Gura, 2020)

Omegaven and liver failure (Anez-Bustillos et al., 2016)

“Every single infusion that includes omega-6 fats causes liver disease…” (Gura, 2017)

“…prevents Omegaven from healing liver failure…” (Gura, 2020)

Soybean oil (Intralipid) induces insulin resistance (Chow et al., 2014; Felber & Vannotti, 1964)

RCT on Intralipid (Gura, 2020)

Farmed salmon (Midtbø et al., 2013)

Tukisenta eating sweet potatoes (Sinnett & Whyte, 1973)

Coconut oil not obesogenic (Benz, 2015; Deol et al., 2015, 2017; “GMO-Sourced Soybean Oil Causes Less Obesity than Conventional Oil,” 2017; Pittalwala, 2017)

Kitavans and coconut oil (Lindeberg et al., 1994)

Talked to people in India (dLife Healthcare Foundation, 2021)

Sunlight and sunburn (Black et al., 1992; Black & Rhodes, 2001)

TP53 mutation (Baugh et al., 2018; Cenini et al., 2008; Feng et al., 2004; Gao et al., 2019; Moulder et al., 2018; Perri et al., 2016; van der Pols et al., 2011)

Andes indigenous population (Wayuu) (Lennon et al., 2019)

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Midtbø, L. K., Ibrahim, M. M., Myrmel, L. S., Aune, U. L., Alvheim, A. R., Liland, N. S., Torstensen, B. E., Rosenlund, G., Liaset, B., Brattelid, T., Kristiansen, K., & Madsen, L. (2013). Intake of farmed Atlantic salmon fed soybean oil increases insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation in mice. PloS One, 8(1), e53094. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053094

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Monday, August 9, 2021

References for Ancestral Health Symposium 2021 talk, "Why Did We All Get Sick?"

Slide 11:

“Thus, as modern food preparation techniques spread throughout the world during the 19th century, so did dental crowding [malocclusion].” (Rose & Roblee, 2009)

Slide 18:

“Between 1900 and 1920… the death rate from diabetes, despite improved treatment of the disease, had increased by as much as 400 percent... It had increased fifteen-fold since the end of the Civil War.” (Taubes, 2008)

Slide 20:

“Sesame seed first cultivated ~5 Kya, in India, oil extracted by crushing” (Fuller, 2003)

Sesame seed oil spread into Egypt, the Mediterranean, and Africa

Safflower was cultivated in Egypt, use was common in Ptolemaic period, but references begin 3.5 Kya

Used as food and for lamps

Animal fat illegal in Ptolemaic Egypt (!) (Sandy, 1989)

Slide 21

Modern mass-production of seed oils started in 19th century, 200 ya

“By the early 19th century, Russian farmers were growing over 2 million acres of sunflower”

(The National Sunflower Association)

American production was mostly cottonseed oil, first a toxic waste product

“Generally the manufacturers in the United States make no pretence [sic] of exporting pure lard….

“The chief adulterant found is cotton seed oil”

(Dominion of Canada, 1890)

Hydrogenated cottonseed oil (Crisco) introduced in 1911, taking vegetable fats mainstream

Slide 22

Cottonseed ruled until soybean oil introduced

Biggest change in diet in modern era is increase in seed oils

(Blasbalg et al., 2011)

Slide 23

“The Nutrition Transition: New Trends in the Global Diet”

“By the 1990s,soybean oil accounted for about 70% of… edible oils and fats in the [US]… soybeans now account for the bulk of vegetable oil consumption worldwide

“This dramatic difference was largely accounted for by a major increase in the consumption of vegetable fats by poor and rich nations alike

“Although meat consumption declined in high-income countries (by 6-9%), there was little overall reduction in fat intakes, as animal fats were replaced by a greater proportion of vegetable oils and products”

(Drewnowski & Popkin, 1997)

Slide 24

“Fifty years later, I still cannot cite a definite mechanism or mediator by which saturated fat is shown to kill people.”

(Lands, 2008)

Slide 27

HNE is involved in every aspect of Chronic Disease

Marker/mediator of Oxidative Stress
(Tsimikas, 2006; Žarković et al., 1999)

Induces

Atherosclerosis (Willeit et al., 2020; Witztum & Steinberg, 1991)

Insulin resistance (Ingram et al., 2012; Pillon et al., 2012)

DNA damage (Chung et al., 2003; Hu et al., 2002)

Inflammation (Poli & Schaur, 2000; Trevisani et al., 2007)

Mitochondrial Dysfunction (Gomes et al., 2014)

Fibrosis (Chiarpotto et al., 2005; Gomes et al., 2014)

Pain (C. Li et al., 2018; Trevisani et al., 2007) (Mis-cited as Trevisani et al., 2017; Chen et al., 2018)

Etc (Poli & Schaur, 2000; Shoeb et al., 2014; Sottero et al., 2019)

HNE is derived exclusively from n-6 fats (Ayala et al., 2014)

Slide 28

“So few subjects in the present survey were found to have any of the conventional signs of coronary disease that it would be futile to analyze the data with any hope of defining the existence of risk factors for this disease within this population. ” (Sinnett & Whyte, 1973b)

Slide 29

Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a modern disease

While it existed in Ancient Egypt… (Finch, 2011)

“Heart disease was an uncommon cause of death… at the beginning of the 20th century. By midcentury it had become the commonest cause” (Dalen et al., 2014)

And when heart attack was unknown, some ate lots of animal fat (Michaels, 1966)

CVD is still unknown in populations eating ancestrally—no industrially-produced food (Kaplan et al., 2017)

Slide 30

In the 1960s, researchers looked at CVD in different countries. (Lee et al., 1964)

They used heart attack determined by autopsy, an extremely reliable method

Was CVD genetic, or environmental?

They used thousands of autopsies, even bringing some hearts back to the US to confirm diagnosis

What they found confirms the earlier studies…

Slide 32

So what could the environmental factor be?

In the 1970s, Brown and Goldstein attempted to induce the first step of atherosclerosis (Goldstein et al., 1979)

It failed

LDL would not convert macrophages to foam cells

They discovered the LDL must be modified

Slide 33

Steinberg and Witztum demonstrated the nature of the modification (Witztum & Steinberg, 1991)

Fats in the LDL must be oxidized, when they are sufficently oxidized, foam cells (poisoned macrophages) will form

OxLDL is cytotoxic: toxic to cells.

The toxins in oxLDL are oxidized n-6 fats, such as HNE

Slide 34

Human studies show that dietary seed oils lead to LDL oxidation (Reaven et al., 1993; Witztum & Steinberg, 1991)

Several human RCTs demonstrate higher CVD events with seed oil feeding (Ramsden et al., 2016 Appendix part 2)

One RCT reduced n-6 intake to an evolutionarily-appropriate level, saw a 70% decline in CVD events (de Lorgeril et al., 1994)

“…if you… remove [oxLDL] from "LDL-C" to derive a corrected LDL-C, corrected LDL-C is NO LONGER predictive of events.” (Willeit et al., 2020)

Tsimikas tweet thread.

Slide 36

Chart (Hiraga, 2014)

Slide 38

“The diet consisted almost entirely of sweet potato, carbohydrate providing over 90% of the calories.”

“No clinical evidence of diabetes mellitus was found in this survey.” (Sinnett & Whyte, 1973a, 1973b)

Slide 39

And since you’re wondering… (Lai et al., 2013)

They do eat less sucrose, but compare to Chinese children (Afeiche et al., 2018)

Data in graphs from sources cited above.

Slide 41

Lots of populations ate/eat traditional diets w/out T2DM

“…their mean two-hour post-glucose level of 121 mg/ 100 ml could be regarded as falling within the "diabetic" range.”

“…the relative carbohydrate intolerance of our primitive Bushmen subjects is at first glance rather surprising.” (Joffe et al., 1971)

“…the prolonged increase after two hours in both San series certainly suggested a diabetes-like condition in the San…” (T. Jenkins et al., 1974)

Slide 42

!Kung eat lots of mongongo fruit and nuts

As much as 1/3 of their calories. (Bindon, 2009)

Mongongo nut season is when the diabetic OGTT was taken (Bindon, 2009; Guyenet, 2010; Joffe et al., 1971)

One other non-diabetic OGTT was taken of HG !Kung, not stated when. (Wilmsen, 1982)

!Kung eating non-HG diet did not test diabetic. (H. C. Jenkins et al., 2010)

Mongongo nuts are high in n-6 (Gwatidzo et al., 2017)

Slide 43

1961: soybean oil introduced as an IV food supplement—Intralipid (Gura, 2020)

1964: Noted that Intralipid induces insulin resistance and hyperglycemia (Felber & Vannotti, 1964)

2014: “Infusion of Intralipid, comprised predominantly of polyunsaturated fatty acids [linoleic (44–62%)…]… is an established model for producing lipid-induced insulin resistance.” In humans (Chow et al., 2014; Jensen et al., 2003)

Slide 44

“The lack of… gluconeogenesis in the Clinoleic vs. the Intralipid group suggests that different classes of fatty acids exert different effects on glucose kinetics in preterm infants.”

Proposed mechanism is IR (van Kempen et al., 2006)

Clinoleic is an olive-oil infusion, low in n-6

Of course eating something is vastly different from injecting something

Slide 45

In humans, IR precedes T2DM by years (Martin et al., 1992)

OxLDL is associated with IR, and precedes it by years (Carantoni et al., 1998; Park et al., 2009)

As discussed, seed oils lead to LDL oxidation

Other sources of oxLDL (smoking, sepsis) also induce IR (Attvall et al., 1993; Behnes et al., 2008; Carlson, 2003; Lymperaki et al., 2015)

“Unexpectedly,… targeting oxidized LDL [via antibodies] improves insulin sensitivity…” in monkeys (S. Li et al., 2013)

Slide 46

Switching from high to low n-6 oils lowers insulin resistance (Nigam et al., 2014)

Dose-dependent relationship to n-6 content of seed oils

Liver fat also improved—NAFLD patients

“… 15–21% protein… 55–70% carbohydrates, and 20% fats.”

Slide 48

Lowering n-6:n-3 ratio lowers insulin resistance (Van Name et al., 2020)

“The intervention diet consisted of a low n–6 to n–3 PUFA ratio of 4:1…”

“…macronutrient content was 50%–55%... carb., 20% from protein, and 25%–30% from fat…”

Diet monitored by blood biomarkers, including oxLAMs

No control, performed at Yale

Slide 51

“In 1616, Ieyasu Tokugawa, the founder of the Edo government died. It is said he had been overeating fish fried in sesame oil.”

From “Tempura... Another Usage of Lamp Oil”

(Walker, 2003 quoting Ishige, 1980)

References:

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Attvall, S., Fowelin, J., Lager, I., Schenck, H. V., & Smith, U. (1993). Smoking induces insulin resistance—A potential link with the insulin resistance syndrome. Journal of Internal Medicine, 233(4), 327–332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00680.x

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Behnes, M., Brueckmann, M., Liebe, V., Liebetrau, C., Lang, S., Putensen, C., Borggrefe, M., & Hoffmann, U. (2008). Levels of oxidized low-density lipoproteins are increased in patients with severe sepsis. Journal of Critical Care, 23(4), 537–541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2008.09.002

Bindon, J. R. (2009). Foraging with the !Kung [Educational]. University of Iowa, Anthropology Dept., Unknown. https://anthropology.ua.edu/bindon/ant476/topics/Foragers.pdf

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