Peter posted some interesting thoughts on obesity/NAFLD in a low-linoleic context. I posted the following as a comment over there, but wanted to surface it here. So read this first:
"Sugar on your coconut oil?"
It raises a couple of thoughts.
Igarashi et al., 2015 (10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.05.006) found that sugar stimulated the endocannabinoid system, but to a less extent than LA, but via the same mechanism:
"Additionally, we report the unexpected finding that 7-day maintenance on a diet high in sucrose can also disable feeding-dependent OEA and LEA mobilization. The results suggest that FAE-mediated satiety signaling is suppressed by high fat or high sucrose in the diet, and that this suppression might contribute to hyperphagia and the development of obesity."
So if you have a high fat diet that's too low in LA, sucrose might substitute for it, in part.
Second, the other extra-mitochondrial LA obesity pathway is generation of the obesogen HNE, which of course only comes from LA and other n-6 fats. Cannizzaro et al., 2017 (10.1186/s12986-016-0149-z) measured the harm of a HFD (for maximal confusion, this is a High FRUCTOSE Diet):
“The level of HNE-modified proteins in plasma was increased almost 2-fold by HFD treatment, while RGZ completely normalized the level of HNE adducts (Fig. 6a).”
Which gets us back to Surwit. If you want to reduce the obesogenic effect of the Surwit diet, Chang et al., 2020 (10.21203/rs.3.rs-104384/v1) block the proliferation of HNE by stimulating the HNE detox pathway in the form of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH):
“Importantly, the ALDH2 activator AD-9308 increased both the catalytic activity of WT and mutant enzyme, reduce serum 4-HNE levels, and effectively alleviated diet-induced obesity, fatty liver, insulin resistance, and glucose intolerance in both Aldh2-KI and WT mice in a dose-dependent manner.”
So sucrose/fructose is required to reduce the production of anti-obesogen OEA and stimulate production of obesogen HNE, in a low-LA environment?
The first and third of those posts are from my Obesity post.
