Wednesday, August 11, 2021

Show notes for Flanagan and Goodrich on Mark Bell's Power Project Podcast

Here it is.

These are notes for things I referenced in the discussion. I didn't try to represent Alan Flanagan's research.

Mark Bell Power Project Podcast on Twitter and the shows.


Zoom: Using blurred background

Alan’s article (Flanagan, 2020), Tucker’s rebuttal (Goodrich, 2021a)

Stan Efferding paired us up…”

“Teachings of Ray Peat…” (Goodrich, 2021b; Peat, 2007)

“Nutritional transition” (Drewnowski & Popkin, 1997)

Rimonabant (Bronander & Bloch, 2007)

2-AG, Obesity (Alvheim et al., 2012; Blüher et al., 2006; Ravinet Trillou et al., 2003)

THC (U.S. National Library of Medicine, 2017; Williams & Kirkham, 2002)

Tsimane heart disease (Kaplan et al., 2017)

Tsimane obesity (Bethancourt et al., 2019)

DGLA & obesity (Hua et al., 2021; Jauregibeitia et al., 2020; Lei et al., 2017; Tsurutani et al., 2018)

Arachidonic acid variation by diet in ‘other tissues’ (Lefkowith et al., 1985)

Brain circuit for obesity (DiPatrizio et al., 2011; Han et al., 2018)

Gastric bypass (Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass) cuts obesity circuit of endocannabinoid hyperphagia, which regrows (Borg et al., 2006; Guijarro et al., 2008; Meguid et al., 2008; Rubino et al., 2004; Wickremesekera et al., 2005)

Other cause of lung cancer (T. Lee & Gany, 2013)

Asian/African heart attack study (K. T. Lee et al., 1964)

Papers from the 90’s coming out of Japan (Okuyama et al., 1996)

Mediterranean diet: Lyon Diet Heart (de Lorgeril et al., 1994; de Lorgeril et al., 1999)

Pathway to atherosclerosis (Goldstein et al., 1979; Witztum & Steinberg, 1991)

Omega 6 going way up (Blasbalg et al., 2011)

“How many ears of corn you’d have to eat to get a gallon of Wesson corn oil…” (Nobbs, 2020)

“Low fat diets producing worse outcomes…” (Navab Mohamad et al., 2004)

Virta avoid seed oils (S. D. Phinney, 2020)

Phinney acute toxicity mayo (Bourke, 2013; S. D. Phinney et al., 1983; S. Phinney & Volek, 2012)

I need to quote entire section of (S. Phinney & Volek, 2012), as it’s remarkable!

“Back in the day when Steve did his study with the bike racers on the ketogenic diet [(S. D. Phinney et al., 1983)], they had to measure precisely how much of each nutrient his subjects were eating. That limited him to just five menu items from which his subjects could choose each day. Three of these were composed principally of animal fats and two used soybean oil mayonnaise as their fat source. Within a week or two of starting the high fat diet, most of the subjects developed a strong distaste for the mayonnaise-based meals. Opening a new container and then switching brands of mayonnaise didn’t help. Nobody actually got sick eating these tuna salad or chicken salad entrees – they just said that they didn’t feel completely well after eating them.

“Out of curiosity, Steve put himself on a ketogenic diet for a month and fed himself most of his fat intake overnight via a tiny feeding tube in his stomach (so taste wasn’t an issue). Within 3 days of feeding himself 1500 Calories of either soybean or corn oil nightly, he developed quite prominent nausea and gastro-intestinal upset. However when he fed himself the same amount of calories as olive oil for two straight weeks, he had no such symptoms. In between testing these different oils via the feeding tube, Steve maintained nutritional ketosis and met his full calorie needs by eating mostly animal fats, again without symptoms.

“The take-away message from this is that the human system doesn’t seem to tolerate a high fat diet prepared from high omega-6 oils (like soy and corn oils), but does just fine on one consisting mostly of monounsaturated and saturated fats (e.g., olive oil and animal fats). This doesn’t mean you can’t eat mayo, just find one made from olive or canola oil or make your own. And please, don’t be fooled by the agindustry advertising that touts high PUFA oils as being heart healthy. While this message might have some validity for someone eating a very low fat diet, at the high fat end of the dietary fat spectrum, it is completely invalid (if not dangerous).”

Japanese, Chinese, ALDH2*2 mutation (Chen et al., 2008; Jiang et al., 2017; Ohta et al., 2004; Takagi et al., 2002)

Seed oils and NAFLD (Van Name et al., 2020)

Note: apparently I didn’t make it clear: what got approved by the FDA was Omegaven, which was the alternative, non-toxic treatment to Intralipid. The references cited below make that clear, I did not.

Introducion of Intralipid (NAFLD model) in 1961 (Gura, 2020)

Omegaven and liver failure (Anez-Bustillos et al., 2016)

“Every single infusion that includes omega-6 fats causes liver disease…” (Gura, 2017)

“…prevents Omegaven from healing liver failure…” (Gura, 2020)

Soybean oil (Intralipid) induces insulin resistance (Chow et al., 2014; Felber & Vannotti, 1964)

RCT on Intralipid (Gura, 2020)

Farmed salmon (Midtbø et al., 2013)

Tukisenta eating sweet potatoes (Sinnett & Whyte, 1973)

Coconut oil not obesogenic (Benz, 2015; Deol et al., 2015, 2017; “GMO-Sourced Soybean Oil Causes Less Obesity than Conventional Oil,” 2017; Pittalwala, 2017)

Kitavans and coconut oil (Lindeberg et al., 1994)

Talked to people in India (dLife Healthcare Foundation, 2021)

Sunlight and sunburn (Black et al., 1992; Black & Rhodes, 2001)

TP53 mutation (Baugh et al., 2018; Cenini et al., 2008; Feng et al., 2004; Gao et al., 2019; Moulder et al., 2018; Perri et al., 2016; van der Pols et al., 2011)

Andes indigenous population (Wayuu) (Lennon et al., 2019)

 


 

References

Alvheim, A. R., Malde, M. K., Osei‐Hyiaman, D., Hong, Y. H., Pawlosky, R. J., Madsen, L., Kristiansen, K., Frøyland, L., & Hibbeln, J. R. (2012). Dietary Linoleic Acid Elevates Endogenous 2-AG and Anandamide and Induces Obesity. Obesity, 20(10), 1984–1994. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2012.38

Anez-Bustillos, L., Dao, D. T., Baker, M. A., Fell, G. L., Puder, M., & Gura, K. M. (2016). Review: Lipid Formulations for the Adult and Pediatric Patient: Understanding the Differences. Nutrition in Clinical Practice : Official Publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, 31(5), 596–609. https://doi.org/10.1177/0884533616662996

Baugh, E. H., Ke, H., Levine, A. J., Bonneau, R. A., & Chan, C. S. (2018). Why are there hotspot mutations in the TP53 gene in human cancers? Cell Death & Differentiation, 25(1), 154–160. https://doi.org/10.1038/cdd.2017.180

Bethancourt, H. J., Leonard, W. R., Tanner, S., Schultz, A. F., & Rosinger, A. Y. (2019). Longitudinal Changes in Measures of Body Fat and Diet Among Adult Tsimane’ Forager-Horticulturalists of Bolivia, 2002-2010. Obesity, 27(8), 1347–1359. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22556

Black, H. S., & Rhodes, L. E. (2001). Chapter 30—Systemic photoprotection Dietary intervention and therapy. In P. U. Giacomoni (Ed.), Comprehensive Series in Photosciences (Vol. 3, pp. 573–591). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1568-461X(01)80065-X

Black, H. S., Thornby, J. I., Gerguis, J., & Lenger, W. (1992). Influence of Dietary Omega-6, -3 Fatty Acid Sources on the Initiation and Promotion Stages of Photocarcinogenesis. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 56(2), 195–199. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1992.tb02147.x

Blasbalg, T. L., Hibbeln, J. R., Ramsden, C. E., Majchrzak, S. F., & Rawlings, R. R. (2011). Changes in consumption of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the United States during the 20th century. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 93(5), 950–962. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.110.006643

Blüher, M., Engeli, S., Klöting, N., Berndt, J., Fasshauer, M., Bátkai, S., Pacher, P., Schön, M. R., Jordan, J., & Stumvoll, M. (2006). Dysregulation of the Peripheral and Adipose Tissue Endocannabinoid System in Human Abdominal Obesity. Diabetes, 55(11), 3053–3060. https://doi.org/10.2337/db06-0812

Borg, C. M., le Roux, C. W., Ghatei, M. A., Bloom, S. R., Patel, A. G., & Aylwin, S. J. B. (2006). Progressive rise in gut hormone levels after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass suggests gut adaptation and explains altered satiety. The British Journal of Surgery, 93(2), 210–215. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.5227

Bourke, S. (2013, July 26). Omega-6 Fats—Pro-inflammatory in High Doses? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dv3HuDG-SFs&t=5s

Bronander, K. A., & Bloch, M. J. (2007). Potential role of the endocannabinoid receptor antagonist rimonabant in the management of cardiometabolic risk: A narrative review of available data. Vascular Health and Risk Management, 3(2), 181–190. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1994026/

Cenini, G., Sultana, R., Memo, M., & Butterfield, D. A. (2008). Elevated levels of pro-apoptotic p53 and its oxidative modification by the lipid peroxidation product, HNE,in brain from subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, 12(3), 987–994. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00163.x

Chen, C.-H., Budas, G. R., Churchill, E. N., Disatnik, M.-H., Hurley, T. D., & Mochly-Rosen, D. (2008). An Activator of Mutant and Wildtype Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Reduces Ischemic Damage to the Heart. Science (New York, N.Y.), 321(5895), 1493–1495. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1158554

Chow, L. S., Mashek, D. G., Austin, E., Eberly, L. E., Persson, X.-M., Mashek, M. T., Seaquist, E. R., & Jensen, M. D. (2014). Training status diverges muscle diacylglycerol accumulation during free fatty acid elevation. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 307(1), E124–E131. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00166.2014

de Lorgeril, M., Renaud, S., Mamelle, N., Salen, P., Martin, J. L., Monjaud, I., Guidollet, J., Touboul, P., & Delaye, J. (1994). Mediterranean alpha-linolenic acid-rich diet in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. Lancet (London, England), 343(8911), 1454–1459. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92580-1

de Lorgeril, M., Salen, P., Martin, J. L., Monjaud, I., Delaye, J., & Mamelle, N. (1999). Mediterranean Diet, Traditional Risk Factors, and the Rate of Cardiovascular Complications After Myocardial Infarction. Circulation, 99(6), 779–785. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.99.6.779

Deol, P., Evans, J. R., Dhahbi, J., Chellappa, K., Han, D. S., Spindler, S., & Sladek, F. M. (2015). Soybean Oil Is More Obesogenic and Diabetogenic than Coconut Oil and Fructose in Mouse: Potential Role for the Liver. PloS One, 10(7), e0132672–e0132672. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0132672

Deol, P., Fahrmann, J., Yang, J., Evans, J. R., Rizo, A., Grapov, D., Salemi, M., Wanichthanarak, K., Fiehn, O., Phinney, B., Hammock, B. D., & Sladek, F. M. (2017). Omega-6 and omega-3 oxylipins are implicated in soybean oil-induced obesity in mice. Scientific Reports, 7(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12624-9

DiPatrizio, N. V., Astarita, G., Schwartz, G., Li, X., & Piomelli, D. (2011). Endocannabinoid signal in the gut controls dietary fat intake. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(31), 12904–12908. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1104675108

dLife Healthcare Foundation. (2021, April 11). dLife.in Podcast: Tucker Goodrich on The Destructive Power of Vegetable Seed Oils [Mp4]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=io9crAfKFpo

Drewnowski, A., & Popkin, B. M. (1997). The nutrition transition: New trends in the global diet. Nutrition Reviews, 55(2), 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-4887.1997.tb01593.x

Felber, J. P., & Vannotti, A. (1964). EFFECTS OF FAT INFUSION ON GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND INSULIN PLASMA LEVELS. Medicina Experimentalis: International Journal of Experimental Medicine, 10, 153–156. https://doi.org/10.1159/000135410

Feng, Z., Hu, W., & Tang, M. (2004). Trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal inhibits nucleotide excision repair in human cells: A possible mechanism for lipid peroxidation-induced carcinogenesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 101(23), 8598–8602. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0402794101

Flanagan, A. (2020, September 26). Of Rats and Sydney Diet-Heart: Drawing a Line Under Polyunsaturated Pseudoscience [Blog]. Alinea Nutrition. https://www.alineanutrition.com/2020/09/26/of-rats-and-sydney-diet-heart-drawing-a-line-under-polyunsaturated-pseudoscience/

Gao, M., Yi, J., Zhu, J., Minikes, A. M., Monian, P., Thompson, C. B., & Jiang, X. (2019). Role of Mitochondria in Ferroptosis. Molecular Cell, 73(2), 354-363.e3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2018.10.042

GMO-Sourced Soybean Oil Causes Less Obesity than Conventional Oil. (2017, October 2). GEN - Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News. https://www.genengnews.com/news/gmo-sourced-soybean-oil-causes-less-obesity-than-conventional-oil/

Goldstein, J. L., Ho, Y. K., Basu, S. K., & Brown, M. S. (1979). Binding site on macrophages that mediates uptake and degradation of acetylated low density lipoprotein, producing massive cholesterol deposition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 76(1), 333–337. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC382933/

Goodrich, T. (2021a, June 24). Thoughts on “Of Rats and Sidney Diet Heart...”, Alan Flanagan’s Post Defending Seed Oils [Blog]. Yelling Stop. https://yelling-stop.blogspot.com/2021/06/thoughts-on-of-rats-and-sidney-diet.html

Goodrich, T. (2021b, August 5). Interview: Ray Peat, with David Gornoski on A Neighbor’s Choice [Blog]. Yelling Stop. https://yelling-stop.blogspot.com/2021/08/interview-ray-peat-with-david-gornoski.html

Guijarro, A., Osei-Hyiaman, D., Harvey-White, J., Kunos, G., Suzuki, S., Nadtochiy, S., Brookes, P. S., & Meguid, M. M. (2008). Sustained Weight Loss After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Is Characterized by Down Regulation of Endocannabinoids and Mitochondrial Function. Annals of Surgery, 247(5), 779–790. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0b013e318166fd5f

Gura, K. M. (2017, August 1). Oils Well That Ends Well (Lipids That Is!) [Video]. 2017 Oley Foundation Annual Conference. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RJFxh6GKHZQ

Gura, K. M. (2020). The Power of Networking and Lessons Learned From Omegaven. The Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics : JPPT, 25(8), 663–674. https://doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-25.8.663

Han, W., Tellez, L. A., Perkins, M. H., Perez, I. O., Qu, T., Ferreira, J., Ferreira, T. L., Quinn, D., Liu, Z.-W., Gao, X.-B., Kaelberer, M. M., Bohórquez, D. V., Shammah-Lagnado, S. J., Lartigue, G. de, & Araujo, I. E. de. (2018). A Neural Circuit for Gut-Induced Reward. Cell, 175(3), 665-678.e23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.049

Hua, M.-C., Su, H.-M., Lai, M.-W., Yao, T.-C., Tsai, M.-H., Liao, S.-L., Lai, S.-H., & Huang, J.-L. (2021). Palmitoleic and Dihomo-γ-Linolenic Acids Are Positively Associated With Abdominal Obesity and Increased Metabolic Risk in Children. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.628496

Jauregibeitia, I., Portune, K., Rica, I., Tueros, I., Velasco, O., Grau, G., Trebolazabala, N., Castaño, L., Larocca, A. V., Ferreri, C., & Arranz, S. (2020). Fatty Acid Profile of Mature Red Blood Cell Membranes and Dietary Intake as a New Approach to Characterize Children with Overweight and Obesity. Nutrients, 12(11), 3446. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113446

Jiang, Y., Zhang, J., Wu, Y., Wang, J., & Li, L. (2017). Association between ALDH2 rs671 G>A polymorphism and gastric cancer susceptibility in Eastern Asia. Oncotarget, 8(60), 102401–102412. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.22060

Kaplan, H., Thompson, R. C., Trumble, B. C., Wann, L. S., Allam, A. H., Beheim, B., Frohlich, B., Sutherland, M. L., Sutherland, J. D., Stieglitz, J., Rodriguez, D. E., Michalik, D. E., Rowan, C. J., Lombardi, G. P., Bedi, R., Garcia, A. R., Min, J. K., Narula, J., Finch, C. E., … Thomas, G. S. (2017). Coronary atherosclerosis in indigenous South American Tsimane: A cross-sectional cohort study. The Lancet, 389(10080), 1730–1739. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30752-3

Lee, K. T., Nail, R., Sherman, L. A., Milano, M., Lee, K. T., Deden, C., Imai, H., Goodale, F., Nam, S. C., Lee, K. T., Goodale, F., Scott, R. F., Snell, E. S., Lee, K. T., Daoud, A. S., Jarmolych, J., Jakovic, L., & Florentin, R. (1964). Geographic Pathology of Myocardial Infarction: Part I. Myocardial infarction in orientals and whites in the United States; Part II. Myocardial infarction in orientals in Korea and Japan; Part III. Myocardial infarction in Africans in Africa and negroes and whites in the United States; Part IV. Measurement of amount of coronary arteriosclerosis in Africans, Koreans, Japanese and New Yorkers. The American Journal of Cardiology, 13(1), 30–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9149(64)90219-X

Lee, T., & Gany, F. (2013). Cooking Oil Fumes and Lung Cancer: A Review of the Literature in the Context of the U.S. Population. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 15(3), 646–652. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-012-9651-1

Lefkowith, J. B., Flippo, V., Sprecher, H., & Needleman, P. (1985). Paradoxical conservation of cardiac and renal arachidonate content in essential fatty acid deficiency. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 260(29), 15736–15744. http://www.jbc.org/content/260/29/15736

Lei, S., Huang, F., Zhao, A., Chen, T., Chen, W., Xie, G., Zheng, X., Zhang, Y., Yu, H., Zhang, P., Rajani, C., Bao, Y., Jia, W., & Jia, W. (2017). The ratio of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid to deoxycholic acid species is a potential biomarker for the metabolic abnormalities in obesity. The FASEB Journal, 31(9), 3904–3912. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201700055R

Lennon, R. P., Lopez, K. C. O., Socha, J. A. M., Montealegre, F. E. G., Chandler, J. W., Sweet, N. N., Hawley, L. A., Smith, D. K., & Sanchack, K. E. (2019). Health Characteristics of the Wayuu Indigenous People. Military Medicine, 184(7–8), e230–e235. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz021

Lindeberg, S., Nilsson‐Ehle, P., Terént, A., Vessby, B., & Scherstén, B. (1994). Cardiovascular risk factors in a Melanesian population apparently free from stroke and ischaemic heart disease: The Kitava study. Journal of Internal Medicine, 236(3), 331–340. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2796.1994.tb00804.x

Benz, Marie. (2015). Genetically Modified Soybean Oil Plenish Only Slightly Healthier Than Regular Soybean Oil. MedicalResearch.Com. https://medicalresearch.com/weight-research/genetically-modified-soybean-oil-plenish-only-slightly-healthier/12425/

Meguid, M. M., Glade, M. J., & Middleton, F. A. (2008). Weight regain after Roux-en-Y: A significant 20% complication related to PYY. Nutrition, 24(9), 832–842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2008.06.027

Midtbø, L. K., Ibrahim, M. M., Myrmel, L. S., Aune, U. L., Alvheim, A. R., Liland, N. S., Torstensen, B. E., Rosenlund, G., Liaset, B., Brattelid, T., Kristiansen, K., & Madsen, L. (2013). Intake of farmed Atlantic salmon fed soybean oil increases insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation in mice. PloS One, 8(1), e53094. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053094

Moulder, D. E., Hatoum, D., Tay, E., Lin, Y., & McGowan, E. M. (2018). The Roles of p53 in Mitochondrial Dynamics and Cancer Metabolism: The Pendulum between Survival and Death in Breast Cancer? Cancers, 10(6), 189. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10060189

Navab Mohamad, Reddy Srinivasa T., Van Lenten Brian J., & Fogelman Alan M. (2004). Apparent Paradox of Low-Fat “Healthy” Diets Increasing Plasma Levels of Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein and Lipoprotein(a). Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 24(3), 392–393. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.0000118014.49565.fc

Nobbs, J. (2020, August 12). Why is Vegetable Oil Unhealthy? [Blog]. Jeff Nobbs. https://www.jeffnobbs.com/posts/why-is-vegetable-oil-unhealthy

Ohta, S., Ohsawa, I., Kamino, K., Ando, F., & Shimokata, H. (2004). Mitochondrial ALDH2 Deficiency as an Oxidative Stress. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1011(1), 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1293.004

Okuyama, H., Kobayashi, T., & Watanabe, S. (1996). Dietary fatty acids—The n-6n-3 balance and chronic elderly diseases. Excess linoleic acid and relative n-3 deficiency syndrome seen in Japan. Progress in Lipid Research, 35(4), 409–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0163-7827(96)00012-4

Peat, R. (2007). The Great Fish Oil Experiment [Blog]. Ray Peat. https://raypeat.com/articles/articles/fishoil.shtml

Perri, F., Pisconti, S., & Della Vittoria Scarpati, G. (2016). P53 mutations and cancer: A tight linkage. Annals of Translational Medicine, 4(24). https://doi.org/10.21037/atm.2016.12.40

Phinney, S. D. (2020, February 4). Which fats and oils should I eat on a ketogenic diet? [Advertisement]. Virta Health. https://virtahealth.webflow.io/faq/fats-oils-ketogenic-diet

Phinney, S. D., Bistrian, B. R., Evans, W. J., Gervino, E., & Blackburn, G. L. (1983). The human metabolic response to chronic ketosis without caloric restriction: Preservation of submaximal exercise capability with reduced carbohydrate oxidation. Metabolism - Clinical and Experimental, 32(8), 769–776. https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0495(83)90106-3

Phinney, S., & Volek, J. S. (2012). The Art and Science of Low Carbohydrate Performance. https://cdnstatic8.com/revolucaoketo.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/TheArt-Science-of-Low-Carb-Performance_VolekPhinney.pdf

Pittalwala, I. (2017, October 2). GM soybean oil causes less obesity and insulin resistance but is harmful to liver function: Mouse study compares Plenish to conventional soybean, coconut, and olive oils [News]. ScienceDaily. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/10/171002084828.htm

Ravinet Trillou, C., Arnone, M., Delgorge, C., Gonalons, N., Keane, P., Maffrand, J.-P., & Soubrié, P. (2003). Anti-obesity effect of SR141716, a CB1 receptor  antagonist, in diet-induced obese mice. American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 284(2), R345–R353. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00545.2002

Rubino, F., Gagner, M., Gentileschi, P., Kini, S., Fukuyama, S., Feng, J., & Diamond, E. (2004). The early effect of the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass on hormones involved in body weight regulation and glucose metabolism. Annals of Surgery, 240(2), 236–242. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.sla.0000133117.12646.48

Sinnett, P. F., & Whyte, H. M. (1973). Epidemiological studies in a total highland population, Tukisenta, New Guinea: Cardiovascular disease and relevant clinical, electrocardiographic, radiological and biochemical findings. Journal of Chronic Diseases, 26(5), 265–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(73)90031-3

Takagi, S., Iwai, N., Yamauchi, R., Kojima, S., Yasuno, S., Baba, T., Terashima, M., Tsutsumi, Y., Suzuki, S., Morii, I., Hanai, S., Ono, K., Baba, S., Tomoike, H., Kawamura, A., Miyazaki, S., Nonogi, H., & Goto, Y. (2002). Aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 gene is a risk factor for myocardial infarction in Japanese men. Hypertension Research: Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 25(5), 677–681. https://doi.org/10.1291/hypres.25.677

Tsurutani, Y., Inoue, K., Sugisawa, C., Saito, J., Omura, M., & Nishikawa, T. (2018). Increased Serum Dihomo-γ-linolenic Acid Levels Are Associated with Obesity, Body Fat Accumulation, and Insulin Resistance in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Internal Medicine, 57(20), 2929–2935. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.0816-18

U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2017, September 15). Dronabinol: MedlinePlus Drug Information [Reference]. MedlinePlus. https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a607054.html

van der Pols, J. C., Xu, C., Boyle, G. M., Hughes, M. C., Carr, S. J., Parsons, P. G., & Green, A. C. (2011). Serum omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and cutaneous p53 expression in an Australian population. Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention: A Publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, Cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 20(3), 530–536. https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-10-0961

Van Name, M. A., Savoye, M., Chick, J. M., Galuppo, B. T., Feldstein, A. E., Pierpont, B., Johnson, C., Shabanova, V., Ekong, U., Valentino, P. L., Kim, G., Caprio, S., & Santoro, N. (2020). A Low ω-6 to ω-3 PUFA Ratio (n–6:n–3 PUFA) Diet to Treat Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Youth. The Journal of Nutrition, 150(9), 2314–2321. https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxaa183

Wickremesekera, K., Miller, G., Naotunne, T. D., Knowles, G., & Stubbs, R. S. (2005). Loss of Insulin Resistance after Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery: A Time Course Study. Obesity Surgery, 15(4), 474–481. https://doi.org/10.1381/0960892053723402

Williams, C. M., & Kirkham, T. C. (2002). Observational analysis of feeding induced by Δ9-THC and anandamide. Physiology & Behavior, 76(2), 241–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9384(02)00725-4

Witztum, J. L., & Steinberg, D. (1991). Role of oxidized low density lipoprotein in atherogenesis. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 88(6), 1785–1792. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI115499

 

4 comments:

  1. Thanks again for your analysis, and the list of references!

    ReplyDelete
  2. This comment has been removed by the author.

    ReplyDelete
  3. One of my favorite old studies: "Corn Oil in Treatment of Ischaemic Heart Disease" https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2166702/

    Spoiler: Corn oil doesn't fair well...

    ReplyDelete

Please don't comment here. Go to https://tuckergoodrich.substack.com.

Note: Only a member of this blog may post a comment.